as(1)                 GNU Development Tools                 as(1)


NAME
       as - the portable GNU assembler.




SYNOPSIS
       as [-a|-al|-as] [-D] [-f] [-I path] [-k] [-K] [-L] [-o
       objfile] [-R] [-v] [-w] [-- | files...]

       i960-only options:
       [-ACA|-ACA_A|-ACB|-ACC|-AKA|-AKB|-AKC|-AMC] [-b]
       [-norelax]

       m680x0-only options:
       [-l] [-mc68000|-mc68010|-mc68020]


DESCRIPTION
       GNU  as  is really a family of assemblers.  If you use (or
       have used) the GNU  assembler  on  one  architecture,  you
       should  find  a fairly similar environment when you use it
       on another architecture.  Each version has much in  common
       with  the  others,  including  object  file  formats, most
       assembler directives (often called pseudo-ops) and  assem-
       bler syntax.

       For  information  on the syntax and pseudo-ops used by GNU
       as, see `as' entry in info (or the manual  Using  as:  The
       GNU Assembler).

       as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU
       C compiler gcc for use by the  linker  ld.   Nevertheless,
       we've  tried to make as assemble correctly everything that
       the native assembler would.  This doesn't mean  as  always
       uses  the  same  syntax  as another assembler for the same
       architecture; for example, we know of several incompatible
       versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.

       Each  time you run as it assembles exactly one source pro-
       gram.  The source program is made up of one or more files.
       (The standard input is also a file.)

       If as is given no file names it attempts to read one input
       file from the as standard input, which  is  normally  your
       terminal.   You may have to type ctl-D to tell as there is
       no more program to assemble.  Use  `--'  if  you  need  to
       explicitly  name  the  standard input file in your command
       line.

       as may write warnings and error messages to  the  standard
       error  file (usually your terminal).  This should not hap-
       pen when as is run automatically by a compiler.   Warnings
       report an assumption made so that as could keep assembling
       a flawed program; errors report a grave problem that stops
       the assembly.



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as(1)                 GNU Development Tools                 as(1)


OPTIONS
       -a|-al|-as
              Turn  on  assembly  listings;  `-al', listing only,
              `-as', symbols only, `-a', everything.

       -D     This option is accepted only for script compatibil-
              ity  with  calls  to  other  assemblers;  it has no
              effect on as.

       -f     ``fast''--skip preprocessing (assume source is com-
              piler output).

       -I path
              Add  path  to  the  search list for .include direc-
              tives.

       -k     Handle position independent code, generated by  gcc
              -fpic.

       -K     Handle  position independent code, generated by gcc
              -fPIC.  This is currently  handled  identically  to
              `-k', on all architectures except the ns32k.

       -L     Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with
              `L'

       -o objfile
              Name the object-file output from as

       -R     Fold data section into text section

       -v     Announce as version

       -W     Suppress warning messages

       -- | files...
              Source files to assemble, or standard input (--)

       -Avar  (When configured for  Intel  960.)   Specify  which
              variant of the 960 architecture is the target.

       -b     (When  configured for Intel 960.)  Add code to col-
              lect statistics about branches taken.

       -norelax
              (When configured for Intel 960.)  Do not alter com-
              pare-and-branch  instructions  for  long  displace-
              ments; error if necessary.

       -l     (When configured for Motorola 68000).
              Shorten references to  undefined  symbols,  to  one
              word instead of two.





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as(1)                 GNU Development Tools                 as(1)


       -mc68000|-mc68010|-mc68020
              (When configured for Motorola 68000).
              Specify  what  processor in the 68000 family is the
              target (default 68020)


       Options may be in any order, and may be before, after,  or
       between  file  names.  The order of file names is signifi-
       cant.

       `--' (two hyphens) by itself names the standard input file
       explicitly, as one of the files for as to assemble.

       Except for `--' any command line argument that begins with
       a hyphen (`-') is an  option.   Each  option  changes  the
       behavior  of as.  No option changes the way another option
       works.  An option is a `-' followed by one  or  more  let-
       ters;  the  case of the letter is important.   All options
       are optional.

       The `-o' option expects exactly one file name  to  follow.
       The  file  name may either immediately follow the option's
       letter (compatible with older assemblers) or it may be the
       next command argument (GNU standard).

       These two command lines are equivalent:
       as  -o  my-object-file.o  mumble.s
       as  -omy-object-file.o  mumble.s


SEE ALSO
       `as'  entry  in info; Using as: The GNU Assembler; gcc(1),
       ld(1).


COPYING
       Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted  to  make  and  distribute  verbatim
       copies  of  this  manual provided the copyright notice and
       this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

       Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver-
       sions  of  this  manual  under the conditions for verbatim
       copying, provided that the entire resulting  derived  work
       is  distributed  under  the  terms  of a permission notice
       identical to this one.

       Permission is granted to copy and distribute  translations
       of this manual into another language, under the above con-
       ditions for modified versions, except that this permission
       notice  may  be  included  in translations approved by the
       Free  Software  Foundation  instead  of  in  the  original
       English.



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